The Evaluation of Mid face and Lower Face Fractures in Traumatic Patients Attended to Rasht Velayat Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Introdouction: The incidence and etiology of maxillofacial fractures are influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. Understanding the cause, severity, and temporal distribution of maxillofacial trauma provides an insight into the behavioral patterns of people from different countries and can also assist in establishing clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and prevention of these injuries. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study and its statistical population includes all traumatic patients with midface and lower face fractures, attended to from April 2015 to March 2016 Velayat Hospital in Rasht, Iran. Data collected included patients’ age, gender, cause of accident, anatomical affected site, and treatment modality. A total of 430 medical records of patients with facial trauma were reviewed and then analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Patients’ ages ranged from 2 to 90 years (mean age, 31 years). Most of the patients were in the 21- to 30-year-old age group. The ratio of men to women was 8:1. Majority of fractures were caused by traffic accidents (70.9%), followed by falls (12.3%), assaults (7.3%), work accidents (2.6%), and sports accidents (1.8%). Isolated midface fractures were most common (56.4%), followed by isolated lower face fractures (26%). Midface and lower face fractures accounted for 17.6% of the total fractures. Approximately 79.5% of patients were treated by open procedures, 15.9% with closed reduction, 3.2% using both procedures, and 1.3% received no treatment. Conclusion: This retrospective study revealed that the most common cause of midface and lower face fractures were traffic accidents. A majority of the fractures occurred in people aged 20–30 years. Open reduction and internal fixation methods were more commonly used than closed ones.